塔里木大学学报

以新疆生产建设兵团第十四师224团沙漠前沿开垦的沙荒地苹果园为材料,调查行间清耕、间作小麦、自然生草苹果种植区的环境因子与苹果幼树种植成活率和生长状况,结果表明:行间清耕、间作小麦、自然生草处理苹果树冠光照强度、空气温度、湿度变化趋势相近,光照强度行间>树冠上部>树冠下部,树冠下部相对湿度较高。苹果树冠能明显降低风速,树冠上部风速明显大于树冠下部,树冠背风面风速明显小于迎风面。不同土层土壤温度差异明显;土壤含水量自然生草含水量>行间清耕>间作小麦。沙荒地苹果当年定植成活率较低,自然生草成活率较高;自然生草苹果生长优于间作小麦,叶片性状不显著;沙荒地矮化苹果幼树二年可以成花,单株成花率和和花芽数量自然生草>行间清耕>间作小麦。沙荒地苹果种植采取行间自然生草效果最好。

In the apple orchard cultivated in sandy wasteland at the fringe of desert in the Farm 224 of the 14th Division,treated with three apple tree planting methods of inter-row tillage,intercropping wheat and natural-grass growing,the environmental factors,as well as the survival rate and growth of apple saplings were investigated. The results showed that the light intensity,the air temperature and humidity appeared the similar trends for the three treatments,that was the light intensity performed inter-row > the upper canopy> the lower canopy and the humidity of the lower canopy was relatively higher. It was obvious that the apple tree canopy could decrease the wind speed and the wind speed in the upper canopy was much slower than that in the lower canopy,meanwhile,the wind speed on the leeward side of the canopy was much slower than that of the windward side. The temperature of soil in different layers was different. The soil water content was natural-grass growing > inter-row tillage > intercropping wheat. The survival rate of directional apple planting in sandy wasteland was lower,while the rate of natural-grass growing was higher. The growth of natural-grass growing treatment was better than that of intercropping treatment. Dwarfing apple saplings in sandy wasteland blossomed in the second year and the flowering rate per plant and the number of the flower buds were natural-grass growing > inter-row tillage > intercropping wheat.It indicated that the natural-grass growing inter rows was more efficient for apple planting in sandy wasteland.