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柽柳属（Tamarix L.）隶属石竹目柽柳科（Tamaricaceae），为我国荒漠区主要类群，我国约有18种，柽柳属植物对维持荒漠区生态系统的稳定性发挥着绝对重要的作用。因种间形态差异小，仅依赖形态学对柽柳属的分类存在很大困难，早期基于分支分类学及分子系统学研究未能很好地解决柽柳属内的支序关系。本研究选取我国柽柳属17个物种，利用多序列联合（nrITS及叶绿体ndh F-rpl32、psb A-trn H、trn Q-rps16和trn S-trn G）进行分子系统发育树推断，在此基础上选取了3个形态特征并使用Mesquite软件进行祖先性状重建分析，探讨柽柳属物种的系统发育关系和性状演化。结果表明中国柽柳属由4个分支构成：分支1为无叶柽柳支系，叶退化为鞘状抱茎；分支2为刚毛柽柳和盐地柽柳支系，幼枝被毛；分支3由白花柽柳等5个物种组成的春花组，花为4～5基数；分支4由多枝柽柳等9个物种组成，花为5基数；这4个分支与柽柳属的生物学特征基本吻合，较好地解决了该属的支序关系。
Abstract：Tamarix L. belongs to Caryophyllales(Tamaricaceae),with about 18 species in China,which are the main species in desert areas and play an absolutely important role in maintaining the stability of desert ecosystems. Because of the small morphological differences between species,it is very difficult to classify Tamarix by relying on morphology alone. Early studies based on cladistic taxonomy and molecular systematics failed to solve the cladistic relationships within Tamarix. The present study inferred phylogenetic trees for seventeen Tamarix species from China,using multiple sequence unions(nrITS and chloroplasts ndh F-rpl32,psb Atrn H,trn Q-rps16,and trn S-trn G). Based on the resulting tree topology,we employed Mesquite analysis to reconstruct the ancestral states of three morphological traits,and the phylogenetic relationships and character evolution of Tamarix were discussed. The results showed that Tamarix species into four clades with high support. Clade 1 is Tamarix aphylla group with vaginate leaves. Clade 2 contains T. karelinii and T. hispida,with indumentum on young branches. Clade 3 is the vernales group composed of five species,including T. androssowii,which have flowers with 4 and 5 petals. Clade 4 consists of nine species,including T. ramosissima,with pentamerous flowers. These four clades basically coincide with the biological characteristics of Tamarix,the cladistic relationship of the genus was basically solved.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:S793.5
引用信息:
[1]李海文,刘香楠,杨赵平.中国柽柳属植物的系统发育关系和形态演化研究[J].塔里木大学学报,2025,37(01):19-28.
基金信息:
塔里木大学校长基金硕士人才项目（TDZKSS202254）