| 593 | 18 | 128 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
棉花是关系国计民生的大宗农产品和纺织工业原料作物，进入21世纪以来，我国棉花生产面临越来越严峻的挑战。在此关键节点，回顾总结我国现代棉花栽培理论和技术研究成果，对棉花栽培的成果转化和未来发展具有重要意义。近20年来，我国棉花科技工作者对棉花产量、品质和抗逆性的形成与调控进行了系统研究，促进了棉花栽培理论和技术的创新发展。本文主要评述了棉花轻简抗逆栽培方面的研究进展。内容包括，棉花集中成熟栽培理论和技术；盐碱地播种保苗、抗盐防涝栽培和水肥协同运筹技术；果-棉间作复合种植理论与技术；机采棉化控塑型与脱叶机理与技术；在智慧植棉方面也取得了重要进展。展望未来，棉花栽培通过与分子生物学技术、数字技术和农机装备等紧密结合，在深化和拓展栽培理论的基础上，不断提高栽培管理效果和拓展棉花产业链，促进棉花栽培理论和技术创新发展，为棉花产业高质量发展做出更多更大的贡献。
Abstract：Cotton is a staple agricultural product and raw material for the textile industry, which is closely related to the national economy and people's livelihood of the country. Since entering the twenty-first century, China's cotton production is facing increasingly serious challenges. At this important historical juncture, reviewing and summarizing the research achievements of modern cotton cultivation theory and technology in China is of great significance to the transformation of achievements and future development of cotton cultivation. In the past 20 years, scientists in the area of cotton research have conducted in-depth research on the eco-physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of the formation and regulation of cotton yield, quality and resistance, which has greatly promoted the innovative development of cotton cultivation theory and technology. The research advances in light-simplified and stress-resistant cultivation of cotton was reviewed in the paper. They include the theory and technology of centralized maturation cultivation of cotton; seeding and seedling preservation in saline areas, salt and flood-resistant cultivation and integration water and fertilizer technology; fruit-cotton intercrop complex planting theory and technology; mechanisms and technologies of chemically controlled shaping and efficient defoliation and ripening technology. Important progress has also been made in smart cotton planting.Looking forward to the future,cotton cultivation should be combined with molecular biology, digital technology and agricultural equipments to deeply reveal the cultivation mechanism, improve the cultivation management, and expand the cotton industry chain.Further research and practice of cotton cultivation in the future will promote the new development of cotton cultivation theory and technology, making more and greater contributions to the high-quality development of the cotton industry in the future.
[1]张冬梅，张艳军，李存东，等．论棉花轻简化栽培[J]．棉花学报，2019,31(2):163-168.
[2]董合忠，杨国正，李亚兵，等．棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制[J]．作物学报，2017,43(5):631-639.
[3]董合忠．棉花集中成熟轻简高效栽培[M]．北京：科学出版社，2019:56-59.
[4]聂军军，代建龙，杜明伟，等．我国现代植棉理论与技术的新发展——棉花集中成熟栽培[J]．中国农业科学，2021,54(20):4286-4298.
[5]冯璐，董合忠．棉花熟性及其评价指标和方法[J]．棉花学报，2022,34(5):458-470.
[6]董合忠，张艳军，张冬梅，等．基于集中收获的新型棉花群体结构[J]．中国农业科学，2018,51(24):4615-4624.
[7]白岩，毛树春，田立文，等．新疆棉花高产简化栽培技术评述与展望[J]．中国农业科学，2017,50(1):38-50.
[8] FENG L,DAI J L,TIAN L W,et al.Review of the technology for high-yielding and efficient cotton cultivation in the northwest inland cotton-growing region of China[J].Field crops research,2017,208:18-26.
[9] LU H Q,DAI J L,LI W J,et al.Yield and economic benefits of late planted short-season cotton versus full-season cotton relayed with garlic[J].Field crops research,2017,200:80-87.
[10]董合忠．滨海盐碱地棉花丰产栽培的理论与技术[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2011:110-117.
[11] DONG H Z,KONG X Q,LUO Z,et al.Unequal salt distribution in the root zone increases growth and yield of cotton[J]. European journal of agronomy,2010,33(4):285-292.
[12] ZHANG Y J,XU S Z,LIU G Y,et al.Ridge intertillage alters rhizosphere bacterial communities and plant physiology to reduce yield loss of waterlogged cotton[J/OL].Field crops research,2023,293:108849[2023-01-15].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108849.
[13] KONG X Q,LUO Z,DONG H Z,et al.Effects of nonuniform root zone salinity on water use,Na+recirculation,and Na+and H+flux in cotton[J].Journal of experimental botany,2012,63(5):2105-2116.
[14] KONG X Q,LI X,LU H Q,et al.Monoseeding improves stand establishment through regulation of apical hook formation and hypocotyl elongation in cotton[J]. Field crops research,2018,222:50-58.
[15]周静远，孔祥强，张艳军，等．基于种子萌发出苗过程中弯钩建成和下胚轴生长的棉花出苗壮苗机制与技术[J]．作物学报，2022,48(5):1051-1058.
[16]邵小平，潘中清，蒋龙，等.棉花4.4 m超宽膜干播湿出集成栽培技术[J]．新疆农垦科技，2022,45(3):11-14.
[17] LUO Z,KONG X Q,ZHANG Y J,et al. Leaf-derived jasmonate mediates water uptake from hydrated cotton roots under partial root-zone irrigation[J].Plant physiology,2019,180(3):1660-1676.
[18] LUO Z,LIU H,LI W P,et al.Effects of reduced nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency as mediated by application mode or plant density[J]. Field crops research,2018,218:150-157.
[19] KONG X,LUO Z,DONG H Z,et al.Non-uniform salinity in the root zone alleviates salt damage by increasing sodium,water and nutrient transport genes expression in cotton[J/OL].Scientific reports,2017,7(1):2879[2022-12-23].https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-03302-x.DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-03302-x.
[20]罗振，辛承松，李维江，等．部分根区灌溉与合理密植对旱区棉花产量和水分生产率的影响[J]．应用生态学报，2019,30(9):3137-3146.
[21] ZHANG R,WANG N,LI S Y,et al.Gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor mepiquat chloride enhances root K+uptake in cotton by modulating plasma membrane H+-atpase[J].Journal of experimental botany,2021,72(18):6659-6671.
[22] DAI J L,TIAN L W,ZHANG Y J,et al.Plant topping effects on growth,yield,and earliness of field-grown cotton as mediated by plant density and ecological conditions[J]. Field crops research,2022,275:108337[2022-12-23].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108337.
[23] DAI J L,KONG X Q,ZHANG D M,et al.Technologies and theoretical basis of light and simplified cotton cultivation in China[J]. Field crops research,2017,214:142-148.
[24]李田甜，孙雪，樊文霞，等．南疆地区枣棉间作复合群体根系时空分布特征[J]．江苏农业科学，2022,50(19):93-98.
[25]王沛娟，樊文霞，李燕芳，等．枣棉间作复合系统种植模式对棉花光合特性及产量的影响[J]．核农学报，2022,36(10):2035-2045.
[26]潘献涛，万素梅．枣棉间作中利用光合数据筛选棉花种植模式[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2013,31(5):79-83,190.
[27] WANG X Y,SHEN L,LIU T T,et al.Microclimate,yield,and income of a jujube-cotton agroforestry system in Xinjiang,China[J]. Industrial crops and products,2022,182:114941.
[28]徐文修，刘郁娜，胥新强，等．杏棉间作系统田间配置对生态因子及棉花光合生理参数的影响[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2013,31(1):46-51,75.
[29]曹琦．不同间作模式对枣园小气候及作物产量的影响[D]．阿拉尔：塔里木大学，2019.
[30]王娟，江天才，万素梅．水分胁迫下间作棉田土壤水分及产量分析[J]．干旱区研究，2016,33(1):89-93.
[31]刘郁娜，张永强，徐文修，等．杏棉间作系统田间配置对棉花冠层光辐射及产量的影响[J]．西北农业学报，2013,22(2):65-70.
[32]赵盼盼，赵金祥，孙勇，等．不同水分处理对枣园间作棉花光合特征及水分利用效率的影响[J]．西北农业学报，2013,22(11):54-58.
[33]刘郁娜，徐文修，张巨松，等．杏棉间作系统棉花冠层小气候特征及棉花产量边际效应研究[J]．新疆农业科学，2011,48(12):2176-2182.
[34]徐鹏，陈国栋，吴全忠，等．南疆地区田间配置对枣棉间作耗水特性的调控效应[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2019,37(5):46-54.
[35]李燕芳．枣棉间作复合系统土壤氮素及其硝化-反硝化微生物多样性研究[D]．阿拉尔：塔里木大学，2021.
[36] CHI B J,ZHANG Y J,ZHANG D M,et al.Wide-strip intercropping of cotton and peanut combined with strip rotation increases crop productivity and economic returns[J].Field crops research,2019,243:1076[2022-12-23].https://www. zhangqiaokeyan. com/journal-foreign-detail/0704023444812.
[37] CHI B J,ZHANG D M,DONG H Z.Control of cotton pests and diseases by intercropping:a review[J].Journal of integrative agriculture,2021,20(12):3089-3100.
[38] LI T,DAI J L,ZHANG Y J,et al.Topical shading substantially inhibits vegetative branching by altering leaf photosynthesis and hormone contents of cotton plants[J].Field crops research,2019,238:18-26.
[39] NIE J J,LI Z H,ZHANG Y J,et al.Plant pruning affects photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning in relation to the yield formation of field-grown cotton[J/OL]. Industrial crops and products,2021,173:114087[2022-12-23].https：//doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114087.
[40] LI T,ZHANG Y J,DAI J L,et al.High plant density inhibits vegetative branching in cotton by altering hormone contents and photosynthetic production[J]. Field crops research,2019,230:121-131.
[41] WANG L,MU C,DU M W,et al.The effect of mepiquat chloride on elongation of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)internode is associated with low concentration of gibberellic acid[J].Plant science,2014,225:15-23.
[42]安静，黎芳，周春江，等．增效缩节安化学封顶对棉花主茎生长的影响及其相关机制[J]．作物学报，2018,44(12):1837-1843.
[43]宋兴虎，徐东永，孙璐，等．在不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利用量及配比对脱叶催熟效果影响[J]．棉花学报，2020,32(3):247-257.
[44]廖宝鹏，王崧嫚，杜明伟，等．棉花不同部位主茎叶对脱叶剂噻苯隆的响应及机理[J]．棉花学报，2020,32(5):418-424.
[45] YU K K,LIU Y,GONG Z L,et al.Chemical topping improves the efficiency of spraying harvest aids using unmanned aerial vehicles in high-density cotton[J]. Field crops research,2022,283:108546.
[46] YU K K,LI K X,WANG J D,et al.Optimizing the proportion of thidiazuron and ethephon compounds to improve the efficacy of cotton harvest aids[J]. Industrial crops and products,2023,191:115949.
[47]田景山，张煦怡，张丽娜，等．新疆机采棉花实现叶片快速脱落需要的温度条件[J]．作物学报，2019,45(4):613-620.
[48]陈焕轩，韩迎春，冯璐，等．智慧农业在棉花生产管理中的应用[J]．棉花学报，2020,32(3):269-278.
[49] FENG L,CHI B J,DONG H Z.Cotton cultivation technology with Chinese characteristics has driven the 70-year development of cotton production in China[J]. Journal of integrative agriculture,2022,21(3):597-609.
[50]毛树春，马雄风，田立文，等．新疆绿洲棉花可持续发展研究[M]．上海：上海科学技术出版社，2022:156-161.
[51]张思平，张立祯，王晓辉等.根钻和图像法测定棉麦套种及单种作物根长密度的精确性研究[J].棉花学报，2017,29(1):79-87.
[52]万璐，杜明伟，王雪姣，等．物联网与作物模型在智慧棉花系统中的应用与展望[J]．中国棉花，2020,47(8):1-6,15.
[53]李亚兵，毛树春，韩迎春等.不同棉花群体冠层数字图像颜色变化特征研究[J].棉花学报，2012,24(6):541-547.
[54]周治国．棉花生理生态与产量品质形成[M]．北京：科学出版社，2018:297-307.
[55]马富裕，李蒙春，张秀英，等．控制供水对棉花叶片的光合生理特性和水分利用率的影响[J]．棉花学报，1997(6):308-313.
[56]崔永生，王峰，孙景生，等．南疆机采棉田灌溉制度对土壤水盐变化和棉花产量的影响[J]．应用生态学报，2018,29(11):3634-3642.
[57]李存东，董合忠，齐放军，等．棉花早衰理论与调控技术[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2018:222-231.
[58]宋兴虎，TUFAIL A W,BIANGKHAM S，等．氮肥用量及其后效对棉花产量和生物质累积动态的影响[J].棉花学报，2018,30(2):145-154.
基本信息:
中图分类号:S562
引用信息:
[1]周静远,代建龙,冯璐,等.我国现代棉花栽培理论和技术研究的新进展[J].塔里木大学学报,2023,35(02):1-12.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目“棉花抗逆高效栽培技术集成与应用”（2020YFD1001002）; 国家现代农业产业技术体系棉花抗逆栽培岗位（CARS-15-15）
2023-01-27
2023
2023-02-23
2023-08-23
2023
1
2023-06-15
2023-06-15